# On the constant constitutive parameter (e.g., mass density) assumption in integral equation approaches to (acoustic) wave scattering

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates the common assumption of constant mass density in acoustic wave scattering problems, demonstrating that a series expansion can correct errors from this assumption for various shapes, frequencies, and parameters.

## Contribution

It introduces a series-based correction method to improve the accuracy of constant density assumptions in integral equation approaches for wave scattering.

## Key findings

- Series expansion effectively corrects constant density approximation errors.
- Two additional terms in the series suffice for high accuracy across parameters.
- Method applies to non-canonical obstacle shapes.

## Abstract

In 2D acoustic and elastodynamic problems the spatial variability of a constitutive parameter such as the mass density makes it difficult to employ boundary integral and domain integral techniques to solve the forward and inverse wave scattering problems. The oft-employed method for avoiding this problem is to assume this constitutive parameter (which is chosen herein to be the mass density) to be spatially-invariant throughout all space. The reliability of this assumption is evaluated both theoretically and numerically and it is shown, in the example of a canonical-shaped scattering obstacle, that the scattered field can be obtained in the form of a series of powers of the mass density contrast (the latter vanishing for constant mass density). The first term of this series is the solution for the scattered field corresponding to the constant density assumption and it is shown that taking into account only two more terms in the series enables to correct for practically all the errors incurred by the constant mass density assumption for a wide range of the other constitutive parameters and frequencies. It is shown how to apply this result for obstacles of non-canonical shape.