# Critical Viscosity of a Fluctuating Superconductor

## TL;DR

This paper calculates the shear viscosity near the transition temperature in a fluctuating superconductor, revealing negative corrections and proposing experimental methods to explore low-viscosity electronic states.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of fluctuation-induced viscosity corrections in superconductors near $T_c$, including the effects of fluctuating pairs and quasiparticles.

## Key findings

- Leading correction to viscosity is negative and scales as ln(T-T_c) in 2D.
- Pair viscosity correction (Aslamazov-Larkin) is zero.
- Single-electron correction due to fluctuations reduces viscosity.

## Abstract

We consider a fluctuating superconductor in the vicinity of the transition temperature, $T_c$. The fluctuation shear viscosity is calculated. In two dimensions, the leading correction to viscosity is negative and scales as $\delta \eta(T) \propto \ln(T-T_c)$. Critical hydrodynamics of the fluctuating superconductor involves two fluids -- a fluid of fluctuating pairs and a quasiparticle fluid of single-electron excitations. The pair viscosity (Aslamazov-Larkin) term is shown to be zero. The (density of states) correction to viscosity of single-electron excitations is negative, which is due to fluctuating pairing that results in a reduction of electron density. Scattering of electrons off of the fluctuations gives rise to an enhanced quasiparticle scattering and another (Maki-Thomson) negative correction to viscosity. Our results suggest that fluctuating superconductors provide a promising platform to investigate low-viscosity electronic media and may potentially host fermionic/electronic turbulence. Some experimental probes of two-fluid critical hydrodynamics are proposed such as time-of-flight measurement of turbulent energy cascades in critical cold atom superfluids and magnetic dynamos in three-dimensional fluctuating superconductors.