# Imprints of Mass Accretion History on the Shape of the Intracluster Medium and the $T_X-M$ Relation

## TL;DR

This study uses cosmological simulations to explore how the mass accretion history of galaxy clusters influences the shape of their intracluster medium and the X-ray temperature-mass relation, revealing correlations that can reduce uncertainties in mass estimates.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the connection between cluster mass accretion rate and ICM shape, and shows how ICM ellipticity can help refine X-ray based mass measurements.

## Key findings

- ICM ellipticity correlates with mass accretion rate.
- Outer ICM ellipticity relates to overall accretion history.
- Inner ICM ellipticity indicates recent major mergers.

## Abstract

We use a statistical sample of galaxy clusters from a large cosmological $N$-body$+$hydrodynamics simulation to examine the relation between morphology, or shape, of the X-ray emitting intracluster medium (ICM) and the mass accretion history of the galaxy clusters. We find that the mass accretion rate (MAR) of a cluster is correlated with the ellipticity of the ICM. The correlation is largely driven by material accreted in the last $\sim 4.5$~Gyr, indicating a characteristic time-scale for relaxation of cluster gas. Furthermore, we find that the ellipticity of the outer regions ($R\sim R_{\rm 500c}$) of the ICM is correlated with the overall MAR of clusters, while ellipticity of the inner regions ($\lesssim 0.5 R_{\rm 500c}$) is sensitive to recent major mergers with mass ratios of $\geq 1:3$. Finally, we examine the impact of variations in cluster mass accretion history on the X-ray observable-mass scaling relations. We show that there is a {\it continuous\/} anti-correlation between the residuals in the $T_x-M$ relation and cluster MARs, within which merging and relaxed clusters occupy extremes of the distribution rather than form two peaks in a bi-modal distribution, as was often assumed previously. Our results indicate the systematic uncertainties in the X-ray observable-mass relations can be mitigated by using the information encoded in the apparent ICM ellipticity.