# Machine Learning for Orders of Magnitude Speedup in Multi-Objective Optimization of Particle Accelerator Systems

## TL;DR

This paper presents a machine learning approach that creates fast surrogate models for particle accelerator simulations, enabling orders-of-magnitude speedups in optimization and design processes.

## Contribution

The authors develop nonlinear surrogate models informed by sparse physics simulation data, achieving unprecedented computational efficiency for accelerator optimization.

## Key findings

- Models are 10^6 to 10^7 times faster to execute.
- 132 times fewer simulation evaluations needed for equivalent solutions.
- Potential 330 to 550 times reduction with iterative retraining.

## Abstract

High-fidelity physics simulations are powerful tools in the design and optimization of charged particle accelerators. However, the computational burden of these simulations often limits their use in practice for design optimization and experiment planning. It also precludes their use as online models tied directly to accelerator operation. We introduce an approach based on machine learning to create nonlinear, fast-executing surrogate models that are informed by a sparse sampling of the physics simulation. The models are 10^6 to 10^7 times more efficient to execute.We also demonstrate that these models can be reliably used with multi-objective optimization to obtain orders-of-magnitude speedup in initial design studies and experiment planning. For example, we required 132 times fewer simulation evaluations to obtain an equivalent solution for our main test case, and initial studies suggest that between 330 to 550 times fewer simulation evaluations are needed when using an iterative retraining process. Our approach enables new ways for high-fidelity particle accelerator simulations to be used, at comparatively little computational cost.