Accessing From The Sky: A Tutorial on UAV Communications for 5G and Beyond

TL;DR

This tutorial reviews recent advances in UAV communications for 5G and beyond, focusing on challenges, solutions, and integration strategies for UAVs as aerial platforms and users in cellular networks.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of UAV communication challenges and recent solutions, emphasizing integration with 5G and future cellular systems.

Findings

Analysis of LoS-dominant UAV-ground channels

Discussion on interference management in UAV networks

Overview of UAV mobility as a design degree of freedom

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found numerous applications and are expected to bring fertile business opportunities in the next decade. Among various enabling technologies for UAVs, wireless communication is essential and has drawn significantly growing attention in recent years. Compared to the conventional terrestrial communications, UAVs' communications face new challenges due to their high altitude above the ground and great flexibility of movement in the three-dimensional (3D) space. Several critical issues arise, including the line-of-sight (LoS) dominant UAV-ground channels and resultant strong aerial-terrestrial network interference, the distinct communication quality of service (QoS) requirements for UAV control messages versus payload data, the stringent constraints imposed by the size, weight and power (SWAP) limitations of UAVs, as well as the exploitation of the new design degree of freedom (DoF) brought by the highly controllable 3D UAV mobility. In this paper, we give a tutorial overview of the recent advances in UAV communications to address the above issues, with an emphasis on how to integrate UAVs into the forthcoming fifth-generation (5G) and future cellular networks. In particular, we partition our discussions into two promising research and application frameworks of UAV communications, namely UAV-assisted wireless communications and cellular-connected UAVs,where UAVs serve as aerial communication platforms and users, respectively. Furthermore, we point out promising directions for future research and investigation.