# Origin of Misalignments: Protostellar Jet, Outflow, Circumstellar Disc, and Magnetic Field

## TL;DR

This study uses 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamics simulations to explain observed misalignments between protostellar outflows, jets, discs, and magnetic fields by modeling core rotation and magnetic dissipation effects.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that core rotation misaligned with magnetic fields can produce the observed phenomena, advancing understanding of protostellar formation dynamics.

## Key findings

- Outflows and jets are driven from different disc scales and directions.
- Axes of outflows and jets do not align with the magnetic field and vary over time.
- Misalignments can be reproduced by assuming core rotation differs from magnetic field orientation.

## Abstract

Recent observations uncover various phenomena around the protostar such as misalignment between the outflow and magnetic field, precession of the jet, and time variability of the ejected clumps, whose origins are under debate. We perform a three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamics simulation of the protostar formation in a star-forming core whose rotation axis is tilted at an angle $45^\circ$ with respect to the initial magnetic field, in which the protostar is resolved with a spatial resolution of $0.01\,$au. In low-dense outer region, the prestellar core contracts along the magnetic field lines due to the flux freezing. In high-dense inner region, on the other hand, the magnetic dissipation becomes efficient and weakens the magnetic effects when the gas number density exceeds about $10^{11}\,{\rm cm^{-3}}$. Then, the normal direction of the flattened disc is aligned with the angular momentum vector. The outflow, jet, and protostellar ejection are driven from different scales of the circumstellar disc and spout in different directions normal to the warped disc. These axes do not coincide with the global magnetic field direction and vary with time. This study demonstrates that a couple of misalignment natures reported by observations can be simultaneously reproduced only by assuming the star-forming core rotating around a different direction from the magnetic field.