# Localized rainbows in the QCD phase diagram

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the QCD phase diagram using a novel infrared approach, revealing a tricritical point and a critical endpoint consistent with other nonperturbative methods, thus providing a systematic framework for studying strongly interacting matter.

## Contribution

It introduces a small parameter expansion method in infrared QCD that systematically analyzes the phase diagram, including the tricritical point and critical endpoint.

## Key findings

- Identification of a tricritical point in the chiral limit.
- Observation of a critical endpoint with nonzero quark mass.
- Agreement with nonperturbative functional methods and models.

## Abstract

We study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter with light quarks using a recently proposed, small parameter approach to infrared QCD in the Landau gauge. This is based on an expansion with respect to both the inverse number of colors and the pure Yang-Mills coupling in the presence of a Curci-Ferrari mass term. At leading order, this leads to the well-known rainbow equation for the quark propagator with a massive gluon propagator. We solve the latter at nonzero temperature and chemical potential using a simple semi-analytic approximation known to capture the essence of chiral symmetry breaking in the vacuum. In the chiral limit, we find a tricritical point which becomes a critical endpoint in the presence of a nonzero bare quark mass, in agreement with the results of nonperturbative functional methods and model calculations. This supports the view that the present approach allows for a systematic study of the QCD phase diagram in a controlled expansion scheme.