# Emergent Universe Scenario, Bouncing and Cyclic Universes in Degenerate Massive Gravity

## TL;DR

This paper explores alternative cosmological models within degenerate massive gravity, including emergent, bouncing, and cyclic universes, analyzing their stability and exact solutions.

## Contribution

It introduces new exact solutions for bouncing and cyclic universes in degenerate massive gravity and examines the stability of the Einstein static universe.

## Key findings

- Stable Einstein static universe regions identified
- Exact solutions for bouncing universes constructed
- Feasibility of emergent universe scenario demonstrated

## Abstract

We consider alternative inflationary cosmologies in massive gravity with degenerate reference metrics and study the feasibilities of the emergent universe scenario, bouncing and cyclic universes. We focus on the construction of the Einstein static universe, classes of exact solutions of bouncing and cyclic universes in degenerate massive gravity. We further study the stabilities of the Einstein static universe against both homogeneous and inhomogeneous scalar perturbations and give the parameters region for a stable Einstein static universe.