# On nonlocal variational and quasi-variational inequalities with fractional gradient

## TL;DR

This paper extends classical variational inequalities to fractional gradient constraints, establishing existence, continuous dependence, and generalized Lagrange multipliers for these new fractional PDEs.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel class of fractional variational inequalities with Riesz fractional gradients and proves existence and dependence results, extending classical theories.

## Key findings

- Established continuous dependence on data including fractional gradient thresholds.
- Proved existence of solutions to fractional quasi-variational inequalities.
- Extended Lagrange multiplier theory to fractional gradient constraints.

## Abstract

We extend classical results on variational inequalities with convex sets with gradient constraint to a new class of fractional partial differential equations in a bounded domain with constraint on the distributional Riesz fractional gradient, the $\sigma$-gradient ($0<\sigma<1$). We establish continuous dependence results with respect to the data, including the threshold of the fractional $\sigma$-gradient. Using these properties we give new results on the existence to a class of quasi-variational variational inequalities with fractional gradient constraint via compactness and via contraction arguments. Using the approximation of the solutions with a family of quasilinear penalisation problems we show the existence of generalised Lagrange multipliers for the $\sigma$-gradient constrained problem, extending previous results for the classical gradient case, i.e., with $\sigma=1$.