# Modelling annual and orbital variations in the scintillation of the relativistic binary PSR J1141$-$6545

## TL;DR

This study uses long-term scintillation observations of pulsar PSR J1141$-$6545 to measure orbital, spatial, and interstellar medium parameters, improving pulsar astrometry and understanding of interstellar turbulence.

## Contribution

It models annual and orbital scintillation variations to derive pulsar system parameters and interstellar medium characteristics, resolving previous ambiguities and providing new measurements.

## Key findings

- Measured orbital inclination and longitude of ascending node.
- Estimated pulsar distance and proper motion.
- Characterized interstellar scattering properties and anisotropy.

## Abstract

We have observed the relativistic binary pulsar PSR J1141$-$6545 over a period of $\sim$6 years using the Parkes 64 m radio telescope, with a focus on modelling the diffractive intensity scintillations to improve the accuracy of the astrometric timing model. The long-term scintillation, which shows orbital and annual variations, allows us to measure parameters that are difficult to measure with pulsar timing alone. These include: the orbital inclination $i$; the longitude of the ascending node $\Omega$; and the pulsar system transverse velocity. We use the annual variations to resolve the previous ambiguity in the sense of the inclination angle. Using the correct sense, and a prior probability distribution given by a constraint from pulsar timing ($i=73\pm3^\circ$), we find $\Omega=24.8\pm1.8^\circ$ and we estimate the pulsar distance to be $D=10^{+4}_{-3}$ kpc. This then gives us an estimate of this pulsar's proper motion of $\mu_{\alpha}\cos{\delta}=2.9\pm1.0$ mas yr$^{-1}$ in right ascension and $\mu_{\delta}=1.8\pm0.6$ mas yr$^{-1}$ in declination. Finally, we obtain measurements of the spatial structure of the interstellar electron density fluctuations, including: the spatial scale and anisotropy of the diffraction pattern; the distribution of scattering material along the line of sight; and spatial variation in the strength of turbulence from epoch to epoch. We find that the scattering is dominated by a thin screen at a distance of $(0.724\pm0.008)D$, with an anisotropy axial ratio $A_{\rm r} = 2.14\pm0.11$.