# Returning functions with closed graph are continuous

## TL;DR

This paper proves that on path-inductive spaces, returning functions with closed graphs are continuous, extending classical results and solving a problem related to weakly Swiatkowski functions.

## Contribution

It establishes a new characterization of continuity for returning functions on path-inductive spaces, linking closed graphs to continuity.

## Key findings

- Returning functions with closed graphs are continuous on path-inductive spaces.
- The result applies to weakly Swiatkowski functions on real numbers.
- Answers a problem posed in the Lviv Scottish Book.

## Abstract

A function $f:X\to \mathbb R$ defined on a topological space $X$ is called returning if for any point $x\in X$ there exists a positive real number $M_x$ such that for every path-connected subset $C_x\subset X$ containing the point $x$ and any $y\in C_x\setminus\{x\}$ there exists a point $z\in C_x\setminus\{x,y\}$ such that $|f(z)|\le \max\{M_x,|f(y)|\}$. A topological space $X$ is called path-inductive if a subset $U\subset X$ is open if and only if for any path $\gamma:[0,1]\to X$ the preimage $\gamma^{-1}(U)$ is open in $[0,1]$. The class of path-inductive spaces includes all first-countable locally path-connected spaces and all sequential locally contractible space. We prove that a function $f:X\to \mathbb R$ defined on a path-inductive space $X$ is continuous if and only of it is returning and has closed graph. This implies that a (weakly) \'Swi\c atkowski function $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ is continuous if and only if it has closed graph, which answers a problem of Maliszewski, inscibed to Lviv Scottish Book.