Controlled generation of array beams of higher order orbital angular momentum and study of their frequency doubling characteristics

TL;DR

This paper presents a simple method to generate high-power, ultrafast higher-order vortex array beams using a dielectric microlens array, and studies their frequency doubling properties, achieving green vortex arrays with doubled topological charge.

Contribution

The authors introduce a compact experimental scheme for generating high-order vortex array beams and analyze their frequency doubling behavior, demonstrating control over array parameters and efficiency.

Findings

Generated vortex array beams with order up to l=6.

Achieved frequency doubling to produce green vortex arrays with doubled order.

Maximum power of 138 mW with ~3.65% efficiency.

Abstract

We report on a simple and compact experimental scheme to generate high power, ultrafast, higher order vortex array beams. Simply by using a dielectric microlens array (MLA) and a plano-convex lens we have generated array beams carrying the spatial property of the input beam. Considering the MLA as a 2D sinusoidal phase grating, we have numerically calculated the intensity pattern of the array beams in close agreement with the experimental results. Using Gaussian embedded vortex beams of order as high as l= 6, we have generated vortex array beams with individual vortices of order as high as l= 6. We have also theoretically derived the parameters controlling the intensity pattern, size and the pitch of the array and verified experimentally. The single-pass frequency-doubling of the vortex array at 1064 nm in a 1.2 mm long BiBO crystal produced green vortex array of order, l_sh= 12, twice the order of the pump beam. Using lenses of different focal lengths, we have observed the vortex array of all orders to follow the focusing dependent conversion similar to the Gaussian beam. The maximum power of the green vortex array is measured to be 138 mW at a single-pass efficiency as high as ~3.65%. This generic experimental scheme can be used to generate array beams of desired spatial intensity profile across wide wavelength range by simply changing the spatial profile of the input beam.