# A block-random algorithm for learning on distributed, heterogeneous data

## TL;DR

The paper introduces a block-random gradient descent algorithm that enables effective in situ deep learning on distributed, heterogeneous data without pre-shuffling, facilitating exascale simulation applications.

## Contribution

A novel block-random gradient descent algorithm that allows in situ learning on distributed, heterogeneous data without data pre-shuffling, suitable for exascale environments.

## Key findings

- Effective learning with block-random SGD on heterogeneous data
- Demonstrated on benchmark classification models
- Applied to large eddy simulation for turbulent flow

## Abstract

Most deep learning models are based on deep neural networks with multiple layers between input and output. The parameters defining these layers are initialized using random values and are "learned" from data, typically using stochastic gradient descent based algorithms. These algorithms rely on data being randomly shuffled before optimization. The randomization of the data prior to processing in batches that is formally required for stochastic gradient descent algorithm to effectively derive a useful deep learning model is expected to be prohibitively expensive for in situ model training because of the resulting data communications across the processor nodes. We show that the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm can still make useful progress if the batches are defined on a per-processor basis and processed in random order even though (i) the batches are constructed from data samples from a single class or specific flow region, and (ii) the overall data samples are heterogeneous. We present block-random gradient descent, a new algorithm that works on distributed, heterogeneous data without having to pre-shuffle. This algorithm enables in situ learning for exascale simulations. The performance of this algorithm is demonstrated on a set of benchmark classification models and the construction of a subgrid scale large eddy simulations (LES) model for turbulent channel flow using a data model similar to that which will be encountered in exascale simulation.