# Supervised ML Solution for Band Assignment in Dual-Band Systems with Omnidirectional and Directional Antennas

## TL;DR

This paper develops supervised machine learning methods for band assignment in dual-band wireless systems, considering both omnidirectional and directional antennas, and compares their performance across different channel models.

## Contribution

It introduces ML-based solutions for band assignment, including analytical benchmarks for omnidirectional antennas and a novel labeling approach for directional antennas.

## Key findings

- ML solutions outperform traditional benchmarks in accuracy
- Analytical Gaussian Process benchmarks are effective for omnidirectional cases
- Viterbi-based labeling improves performance in directional antenna scenarios

## Abstract

Many wireless networks, including 5G NR (New Radio) and future beyond 5G cellular systems, are expected to operate on multiple frequency bands. This paper considers the band assignment (BA) problem in dual-band systems, where the basestation (BS) chooses one of the two available frequency bands (centimeter-wave and millimeter-wave bands) to communicate with the user equipment (UE). While the millimeter-wave band might offer higher data rate, there is a significant probability of outage during which the communication should be carried on the (more reliable) centimeter-wave band. With mobility, the BA can be perceived as a sequential problem, where the BS uses previously observed information to predict the best band for a future time step. We formulate the BA as a binary classification problem and propose supervised Machine Learning (ML) solutions. We study the problem when both the BS and the UE use (i) omnidirectional antennas and (ii) both use directional antennas. In the omnidirectional case, we derive analytical benchmark solutions based on the Gaussian Process (GP) assumption for the inter-band shadow fading. In the directional case, where the labeling is shown to be complex, we propose an efficient labeling approach based on the Viterbi Algorithm (VA). We compare the performances for two channel models: (i) a stochastic channel and (ii) a ray-tracing based channel.