# Analysis and active control of geometrically nonlinear responses of smart FG porous plates with graphene nanoplatelets reinforcement based on B\'ezier extraction of NURBS

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a computational method combining isogeometric analysis and higher-order shear deformation theory to analyze and actively control the nonlinear responses of functionally graded porous plates reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets and integrated with piezoelectric layers.

## Contribution

It develops a novel Bézier extraction-based isogeometric analysis approach for nonlinear analysis and active control of FG porous plates with GPLs and piezoelectric layers.

## Key findings

- The method accurately predicts nonlinear behaviors under various conditions.
- Active control effectively suppresses nonlinear responses.
- Porosity and GPL distribution significantly influence structural responses.

## Abstract

In this paper, we propose an effective computational approach to analyze and active control of geometrically nonlinear responses of functionally graded (FG) porous plates with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) reinforcement integrated with piezoelectric layers. The key concept behind this work is to utilize isogeometric analysis (IGA) based on B\'ezier extraction technique and $C^0$-type higher-order shear deformation theory ($C^0$-HSDT). By applying B\'ezier extraction, the original Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) control meshes can be transformed into B\'ezier elements which allow us to inherit the standard numerical procedure like the standard finite element method (FEM). In this scenario, the approximation of mechanical displacement field is calculated via $C^0$-HSDT whilst the electric potential field is considered as a linear function across the thickness of each piezoelectric sublayer. The FG plate includes internal pores and GPLs dispersed into metal matrix either uniformly or non-uniformly along plate's thickness. To control responses of structures, the top and bottom surfaces of FG plate are firmly bonded with piezoelectric layers which are considered as sensor and actuator layers. The geometrically nonlinear equations are solved by Newton-Raphson iterative procedure and Newmark's integration. The influence of porosity coefficient, weight fraction of GPLs as well as external electrical voltage on geometrically nonlinear behaviors of plate structures with various distributions of porosity and GPLs are thoroughly investigated. A constant displacement and velocity feedback control approaches are then adopted to actively control geometrically nonlinear static and dynamic responses, where structural damping effect is taken into account, based on a closed-loop control with sensor and actuator layers.