Energy Constraints for Climate Models from Hydrologic Partitioning

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method using hydrologic partitioning and the Budyko's curve to analyze surface energy fluxes, revealing biases in climate models related to hydrological and atmospheric processes.

Contribution

It demonstrates how the Budyko's curve can be used to partition energy fluxes and assess climate model biases at large scales.

Findings

Hydrologic partitioning can estimate surface energy components.

Climate models show biases due to hydrological and atmospheric parameterizations.

The method links long-term hydrologic data with climate model analysis.

Abstract

It is well known that evaporative cooling of Earth's surface water reduces the amount of radiation that goes into sensible heat, namely the portion of radiation that produces higher temperatures. However, a rigorous use of long-term hydrologic measurements and the related theories of hydrologic partitioning have not yet been fully exploited to quantify these effects on climate. Here, we show that the Budyko's curve, a well-known and efficient framework for water balance estimation, can be effectively utilized to partition the surface energy fluxes by expressing the long-term evaporative fraction as a function of the dryness index. The combination of this energy partitioning method with hydrological observations allows us to estimate the surface energy components at watershed and continental scales. Analyzing climate model outputs through this new lens reveals energy biases due to inaccurate parameterization of hydrological and atmospheric processes, offering insight into model parameterization and providing useful information for improving climate projections.