# Frustration induced transient chaos, fractal and riddled basins in coupled limit cycle oscillators

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that frustration in coupled limit cycle oscillators induces transient chaos and complex basin structures like fractal and riddled basins, revealing new insights into multistability and chaotic dynamics in simple oscillator arrays.

## Contribution

It uncovers the role of frustration as a source of transient chaos and complex basin structures in coupled limit cycle oscillators, including phenomena like super persistent transient chaos.

## Key findings

- Transient chaotic dynamics occur near chaotic itinerancy regions.
- Complex basin structures such as fractal and riddled basins are observed.
- Transient chaos persists even in oscillation death states.

## Abstract

This report unravels frustration as a source of transient chaotic dynamics even in a simple array of coupled limit cycle oscillators. The transient chaotic dynamics along with the multistable nature of frustrated systems facilitates the existence of complex basin structures such as fractal and riddled basins. In particular, we report the emergence of transient chaotic dynamics around the chaotic itinerancy region, where the basin of attraction near the chaotic region is riddled and it becomes fractal basin when we move away from this region. Normally the complex basin structures are observed only for oscillatory states but surprisingly it is also observed even for oscillation death states. Interestingly super persistent transient chaos is also shown to emerge in the coupled limit cycle oscillators, which manifests as stable chaos for larger networks.