# Decimeter Ranging with Channel State Information

## TL;DR

This paper develops a method for decimeter-level ranging using channel state information from commercial MIMO-OFDM WLAN devices, addressing phase errors through modeling and pre-processing, and validating with extensive measurements.

## Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive understanding and modeling of CSI errors, along with pre-processing techniques, enabling accurate ToF-based ranging in multipath environments.

## Key findings

- Median ranging accuracy of 0.6m at 5m distance
- Median accuracy of 0.8m at 10m distance
- Median accuracy of 0.9m at 15m distance

## Abstract

This paper aims at the problem of time-of-flight (ToF) estimation using channel state information (CSI) obtainable from commercialized MIMO-OFDM WLAN receivers. It was often claimed that the CSI phase is contaminated with errors of known and unknown natures rendering ToF-based positioning difficult. To search for an answer, we take a bottom-up approach by first understanding CSI, its constituent building blocks, and the sources of error that contaminate it. We then model these effects mathematically. The correctness of these models is corroborated based on the CSI collected in extensive measurement campaign including radiated, conducted and chamber tests. Knowing the nature of contamination in CSI phase and amplitude, we proceed with introducing pre-processing methods to clean CSI from those errors and make it usable for range estimation. To check the validity of proposed algorithms, the MUSIC super-resolution algorithm is applied to post-processed CSI to perform range estimates. Results substantiate that median accuracy of 0.6m, 0.8m, and 0.9m is achievable in highly multipath line-of-sight environment where transmitter and receiver are 5m, 10m, and 15m apart.