# The MOSDEF Survey: Kinematic and Structural Evolution of Star-Forming Galaxies at $1.4\leq z\leq 3.8$

## TL;DR

This study analyzes ionized gas kinematics of 681 high-redshift star-forming galaxies to understand their structural evolution, baryonic content, and dynamical properties, revealing trends with mass, star formation, and surface density.

## Contribution

It provides the first large-scale kinematic analysis of galaxies at $z\,1.4$ to $3.8$, combining models accounting for misalignments with structural data to constrain galaxy dynamics and baryon fractions.

## Key findings

- $V/\sigma_{V,0}$ increases with stellar mass and decreases with sSFR.
- Galaxies are baryon dominated within their effective radii at high redshift.
- Baryon fractions within $R_E$ tend to decrease over cosmic time, often exceeding 100%.

## Abstract

We present ionized gas kinematics for 681 galaxies at $z\sim 1.4-3.8$ from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey, measured using models which account for random galaxy-slit misalignments together with structural parameters derived from CANDELS Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. Kinematics and sizes are used to derive dynamical masses. Baryonic masses are estimated from stellar masses and inferred gas masses from dust-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) and the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation. We measure resolved rotation for 105 galaxies. For the remaining 576 galaxies we use models based on HST imaging structural parameters together with integrated velocity dispersions and baryonic masses to statistically constrain the median ratio of intrinsic ordered to disordered motion, $V/\sigma_{V,0}$. We find that $V/\sigma_{V,0}$ increases with increasing stellar mass and decreasing specific SFR (sSFR). These trends may reflect marginal disk stability, where systems with higher gas fractions have thicker disks. For galaxies with detected rotation we assess trends between their kinematics and mass, sSFR, and baryon surface density ($\Sigma_{\mathrm{bar},e}$). Intrinsic dispersion correlates most with $\Sigma_{\mathrm{bar},e}$ and velocity correlates most with mass. By comparing dynamical and baryonic masses, we find that galaxies at $z\sim 1.4-3.8$ are baryon dominated within their effective radii ($R_E$), with Mdyn/Mbaryon increasing over time. The inferred baryon fractions within $R_E$, $f_{\mathrm{bar}}$, decrease over time, even at fixed mass, size, or surface density. At fixed redshift, $f_{\mathrm{bar}}$ does not appear to vary with stellar mass but increases with decreasing $R_E$ and increasing $\Sigma_{\mathrm{bar},e}$. For galaxies at $z\geq2$, the median inferred baryon fractions generally exceed 100%. We discuss possible explanations and future avenues to resolve this tension.