G-IOTA: Fair and confidence aware tangle

TL;DR

This paper introduces G-IOTA, a new tips selection mechanism for the IOTA tangle that enhances fairness, confidence, and security against splitting attacks by incentivizing honest behavior and penalizing conflicts.

Contribution

It defines confidence fairness for tips selection, analyzes IOTA's drawbacks, and proposes G-IOTA to improve resilience and honest transaction confidence.

Findings

G-IOTA improves confidence fairness among honest tips.

G-IOTA incentivizes honest behavior and punishes conflicts.

G-IOTA enhances resilience against splitting attacks.

Abstract

This paper proposes strategies to improve the IOTA tangle in terms of resilience to splitting attacks. Our contribution is two fold. First, we define the notion of confidence fairness for tips selection algorithms to guarantee the first approval for all honest tips. Then, we analyze IOTA-tangle from the point of view of confidence fairness and identify its drawbacks. Second, we propose a new selection mechanism, G-IOTA, that targets to protect tips left behind. G-IOTA therefore has a good confidence fairness. G-IOTA lets honest transactions increase their confidence efficiently. Furthermore, G-IOTA includes an incentive mechanism for users who respect the algorithm and punishes conflicting transactions. Additionally, G-IOTA provides a mutual supervision mechanism that reduces the benefits of speculative and lazy behaviours.