Well-posedness issues on the periodic modified Kawahara equation

TL;DR

This paper establishes the first low-regularity global well-posedness results for the periodic modified Kawahara equation, using advanced harmonic analysis techniques and conservation laws, and discusses ill-posedness below a certain regularity threshold.

Contribution

It proves global well-posedness in L^2 for the periodic modified Kawahara equation, extending previous results to lower regularity spaces and analyzing ill-posedness phenomena.

Findings

Global well-posedness in L^2(t) achieved.

Unconditional uniqueness in H^s(t), s > 1/2.

Weak ill-posedness below H^{1/2}(t).

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of the modified Kawahara equation (posed on $\mathbb T$), which is well-known as a model of capillary-gravity waves in an infinitely long canal over a flat bottom in a long wave regime \cite{Hasimoto1970}. We show in this paper some well-posedness results, mainly the \emph{global well-posedness} in $L^2(\mathbb T)$. The proof basically relies on the idea introduced in Takaoka-Tsutsumi's works \cite{TT2004, NTT2010}, which weakens the non-trivial resonance in the cubic interactions (a kind of smoothing effect) for the local result, and the global well-posedness result immediately follows from $L^2$ conservation law. An immediate application of Takaoka-Tsutsumi's idea is available only in $H^s(\mathbb T)$, $s > 0$, due to the lack of $L^4$-Strichartz estimate for arbitrary $L^2$ data, a slight modification, thus, is needed to attain the local well-posedness in $L^2(\mathbb T)$. This is the first low regularity (global) well-posedness result for the periodic modified Kwahara equation, as far as we know. A direct interpolation argument ensures the \emph{unconditional uniqueness} in $H^s(\mathbb T)$, $s > \frac12$, and as a byproduct, we show the weak ill-posedness below $H^{\frac12}(\mathbb T)$, in the sense that the flow map fails to be uniformly continuous.