# Dynamical spatial curvature as a fit to type Ia supernovae

## TL;DR

This paper explores whether models with dynamical spatial curvature and inhomogeneities can fit supernova data as well as standard cosmological models, suggesting alternative explanations for cosmic acceleration without dark energy.

## Contribution

It introduces and tests a class of exact scaling solutions with dynamical spatial curvature within a relativistic inhomogeneous framework, matching observational data.

## Key findings

- Scaling models fit supernova data as well as LCDM.
- Global acceleration can emerge from inhomogeneities without dark energy.
- Models are consistent with constraints from multiple cosmological observations.

## Abstract

Few statements in cosmology can be made without assuming a cosmological model within which to interpret data. Statements about cosmic acceleration are no exception to this rule, and the inferred positive volume acceleration of our Universe often quoted in the literature is valid in the context of the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) class of space-times. Using the Joint Light-curve Analysis (JLA) catalogue of type Ia supernovae (SNIa), we examine the fit of a class of exact scaling solutions with dynamical spatial curvature formulated in the framework of a scalar averaging scheme for relativistic inhomogeneous space-times. In these models, global volume acceleration may emerge as a result of the non-local variance between expansion rates of clusters and voids, the latter gaining volume dominance in the late-epoch Universe. We find best-fit parameters for a scaling model of backreaction that are reasonably consistent with previously found constraints from SNIa, CMB, and baryon acoustic oscillations data. The quality of fit of the scaling solutions is indistinguishable from that of the LCDM model and the timescape cosmology from an Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) perspective. This indicates that a broad class of models can account for the $z\lesssim 1$ expansion history.