# Mode Hopping for Anti-Jamming in Cognitive Radio Networks

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel mode-frequency hopping scheme leveraging orbital angular momentum to enhance anti-jamming capabilities in cognitive radio networks, outperforming traditional frequency hopping methods.

## Contribution

It proposes the mode-frequency hopping scheme that combines mode hopping with frequency hopping, utilizing orbital angular momentum for improved anti-jamming in CRNs.

## Key findings

- MFH scheme significantly increases secondary user capacity.
- MFH outperforms traditional FH in anti-jamming effectiveness.
- Derived probabilities enable accurate capacity calculation.

## Abstract

Frequency hopping (FH) is an effective anti-jamming technology in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, it is difficult to significantly increase the anti-jamming results because of the growing crowded spectrum in wireless communications. Orbital momentum angular (OAM) provides a new mode dimension for anti-jamming without consuming extra power and frequency resources in CRNs. In this paper, we propose the mode-frequency hopping (MFH) scheme, which jointly uses the mode hopping and the traditional FH scheme for anti-jamming to significantly increase the capacity of secondary users (SUs). We derive the false alarm probability and transmission outage probability for CRNs under our proposed MFH scheme. Then, based on the two derived probabilities, we calculate the capacity of SUs under the MFH scheme. Numerical results show that our developed MFH scheme can achieve better anti-jamming results as compared with the traditional FH scheme in CRNs.