# Systematic design of the color point of a white LED

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an analytical model for designing white LEDs that accurately predicts color points and optical properties, replacing slow numerical methods and reducing costs.

## Contribution

The paper presents a novel analytical design principle for white LEDs, enabling fast, accurate predictions of color and optical characteristics, improving over traditional trial-and-error methods.

## Key findings

- Model accurately predicts LED color point and optical properties.
- Experimental validation shows excellent agreement with predictions.
- Design process is faster and more cost-effective.

## Abstract

Lighting is a crucial technology that is used every day. The introduction of the white light emitting diode (LED) that consists of a blue LED combined with a phosphor layer, greatly reduces the energy consumption for lighting. Despite the fast-growing market white LED's are still designed using slow, numerical, trial-and-error algorithms. Here we introduce a radically new design principle that is based on an analytical model instead of a numerical approach. Our design model predicts the color point for any combination of design parameters. In addition the model provides the reflection and transmission coefficients - as well as the energy density distribution inside the LED - of the scattered and re-emitted light intensities. To validate our model we performed extensive experiments on an emblematic white LED and found excellent agreement. Our model provides for a fast and efficient design, resulting in reduction of both design and production costs.