# In Vivo Communications: Steps Toward the Next Generation of Implantable Devices

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the current state of in vivo wireless communication channels, emphasizing the importance of modeling for optimizing implantable medical device performance and discussing future research directions.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of existing models for in vivo wireless channels and discusses their implications for device design and future research.

## Key findings

- Current models improve understanding of in vivo channels
- Optimization of device design based on models is possible
- Open research areas identified for future work

## Abstract

In vivo wireless medical devices have the potential to play a vital role in future healthcare technologies by improving the quality of human life. In order to fully exploit the capabilities of such devices, it is necessary to characterize and model the in vivo wireless communication channel. Utilization of this model will have a significant role in improving the communication performance of embedded medical devices in terms of power, reliability and spectral efficiency. In this paper, the state of the art in this field is presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of current models. Such knowledge will be used to optimize the design and selection of various in vivo wireless communication methods, operational frequencies, and antenna design. Finally, open research areas are discussed for future studies.