# The quantum theory and topological features of photon

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a spinor wave equation for photons, explores their topological properties using Berry phase and Chern number, and analyzes photon behavior in different media.

## Contribution

It presents a novel spinor wave equation for photons and links quantum topological features to photon wave functions in various media.

## Key findings

- Derived the spinor wave equation for photons.
- Calculated photon wave functions in vacuum and media.
- Connected photon wave functions to topological invariants like Berry phase and Chern number.

## Abstract

In this paper, we have proposed the spinor wave equation of free and non-free photon. On this basis, we given the spin operators and spin wave functions of photon, and calculated the wave function of photon in vacuum and medium. In addition, we have given the quantum Berry phase and Chern number with the photon wave function, which can be used to studied the quantum topological features of photon in one-dimensional period medium.