# Intra- and Inter-epoch Temporal Context Network (IITNet) Using Sub-epoch Features for Automatic Sleep Scoring on Raw Single-channel EEG

## TL;DR

This paper introduces IITNet, a deep learning model that effectively captures intra- and inter-epoch temporal contexts from raw EEG data for automatic sleep scoring, achieving performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods.

## Contribution

The novel IITNet model combines residual neural networks and bidirectional LSTM to learn intra- and inter-epoch temporal features from raw EEG for sleep stage classification.

## Key findings

- IITNet achieves up to 86.7% accuracy on SHHS dataset.
- Using two-minute EEG segments yields high performance.
- Intra- and inter-epoch context learning improves sleep scoring accuracy.

## Abstract

A deep learning model, named IITNet, is proposed to learn intra- and inter-epoch temporal contexts from raw single-channel EEG for automatic sleep scoring. To classify the sleep stage from half-minute EEG, called an epoch, sleep experts investigate sleep-related events and consider the transition rules between the found events. Similarly, IITNet extracts representative features at a sub-epoch level by a residual neural network and captures intra- and inter-epoch temporal contexts from the sequence of the features via bidirectional LSTM. The performance was investigated for three datasets as the sequence length (L) increased from one to ten. IITNet achieved the comparable performance with other state-of-the-art results. The best accuracy, MF1, and Cohen's kappa ($\kappa$) were 83.9%, 77.6%, 0.78 for SleepEDF (L=10), 86.5%, 80.7%, 0.80 for MASS (L=9), and 86.7%, 79.8%, 0.81 for SHHS (L=10), respectively. Even though using four epochs, the performance was still comparable. Compared to using a single epoch, on average, accuracy and MF1 increased by 2.48%p and 4.90%p and F1 of N1, N2, and REM increased by 16.1%p, 1.50%p, and 6.42%p, respectively. Above four epochs, the performance improvement was not significant. The results support that considering the latest two-minute raw single-channel EEG can be a reasonable choice for sleep scoring via deep neural networks with efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, the experiments with the baselines showed that introducing intra-epoch temporal context learning with a deep residual network contributes to the improvement in the overall performance and has the positive synergy effect with the inter-epoch temporal context learning.