# Gain Stabilization of SiPMs with an Adaptive Power Supply

## TL;DR

This paper presents an adaptive power supply system that stabilizes the gain of SiPMs across a wide temperature range by dynamically adjusting bias voltage based on temperature, ensuring consistent performance.

## Contribution

The study introduces a linear temperature-dependent bias voltage adjustment method that stabilizes SiPM gain across multiple devices simultaneously.

## Key findings

- Achieved less than ±0.5% gain variation in 20-30°C range.
- Successfully stabilized 4 SiPMs with a single compensation parameter.
- Validated the approach across three different SiPM manufacturers.

## Abstract

The gain of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) increases with bias voltage and decreases with temperature. To operate SiPMs at stable gain, the bias voltage can be readjusted to compensate for temperature changes. We have tested this concept with 30 SiPMs from three manufacturers (Hamamatsu, KETEK and CPTA) operating in a climate chamber at CERN by varying temperatures between $1^\circ \rm C$ and $48^\circ \rm C$. We built an adaptive power supply that uses a linear dependence of the bias voltage on temperature. We stabilized four SiPMs simultaneously with only one compensation parameter for the readjustment of the bias voltage of four SiPMs. For all tested Hamamatsu and CPTA SiPMs we achieved our goal of limiting gain changes to less than $\pm 0.5\%$ in the $20-30^\circ C$ temperature range.