# Synthetic Emissions of the Fe XXI 1354 \AA\ Line from Flare Loops Experiencing Fundamental Fast Sausage Oscillations

## TL;DR

This study models how fundamental fast sausage oscillations in flare loops affect the Fe XXI 1354 Å line, providing signatures to identify such oscillations in IRIS observations, with implications for solar flare diagnostics.

## Contribution

It introduces a forward modeling approach incorporating NEI effects to predict Fe XXI line signatures of FSMs in flare loops, aiding observational identification.

## Key findings

- Intensity and Doppler shift oscillate at wave period
- Doppler width shows asymmetry and secondary periodicity
- Modeled signatures match IRIS observations, confirming FSM detection

## Abstract

Inspired by recent IRIS observations, we forward model the response of the Fe XXI 1354 \AA\ line to fundamental, standing, linear fast sausage modes (FSMs) in flare loops. Starting with the fluid parameters for an FSM in a straight tube with equilibrium parameters largely compatible with the IRIS measurements, we synthesize the line profiles by incorporating the non-Equilibrium Ionization (NEI) effect in the computation of the contribution function. We find that both the intensity and Doppler shift oscillate at the wave period ($P$). The phase difference between the two differs from the expected value ($90^\circ$) only slightly because NEI plays only a marginal role in determining the ionic fraction of Fe XXI in the examined dense loop. The Doppler width modulations, however, posses an asymmetry in the first and second halves of a wave period, leading to a secondary periodicity at $P/2$ in addition to the primary one at $P$. This behavior results from the competition between the broadening due to bulk flow and that due to temperature variations, with the latter being stronger but not overwhelmingly so. These expected signatures, with the exception of the Doppler width, are largely consistent with the IRIS measurements, thereby corroborating the reported detection of a fundamental FSM. The forward modeled signatures are useful for identifying fundamental FSMs in flare loops from measurements of the Fe \MyRoman{21} 1354 \AA\ line with instruments similar to IRIS, even though a much higher cadence is required for the expected behavior in the Doppler widths to be detected.