# Twente Mass and Heat Transfer Water Tunnel: Temperature controlled turbulent multiphase channel flow with heat and mass transfer

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a versatile, temperature-controlled water tunnel designed for detailed experimental study of heat and mass transfer in turbulent multiphase flows, with advanced optical and local measurement capabilities.

## Contribution

The paper presents a newly designed water tunnel with temperature control, high salt tolerance, multiple measurement sections, and optical access for comprehensive turbulence and transfer studies.

## Key findings

- Enables precise measurement of heat and mass transfer in turbulent multiphase flows.
- Supports optical flow measurement techniques like PIV and LIF.
- Allows local sensor insertion for detailed flow characterization.

## Abstract

A new vertical water tunnel with global temperature control and the possibility for bubble and local heat & mass injection has been designed and constructed. The new facility offers the possibility to accurately study heat and mass transfer in turbulent multiphase flow (gas volume fraction up to $8\%$) with a Reynolds-number range from $1.5 \times 10^4$ to $3 \times 10^5$ in the case of water at room temperature. The tunnel is made of high-grade stainless steel permitting the use of salt solutions in excess of 15$\%$ mass fraction. The tunnel has a volume of 300 liters. The tunnel has three interchangeable measurement sections of $1$ m height but with different cross sections ($0.3 \times 0.04 m^2$, $0.3 \times 0.06 m^2$, $0.3 \times 0.08 m^2$). The glass vertical measurement sections allow for optical access to the flow, enabling techniques such as laser Doppler anemometry, particle image velocimetry, particle tracking velocimetry, and laser-induced fluorescent imaging. Local sensors can be introduced from the top and can be traversed using a built-in traverse system, allowing for e.g. local temperature, hot-wire, or local phase measurements. Combined with simultaneous velocity measurements, the local heat flux in single phase and two phase turbulent flows can thus be studied quantitatvely and precisely.