# Wormhole as a possible accelerator of high-energy cosmic-ray particles

## TL;DR

This paper classifies stable wormholes in open Friedmann models that can naturally accelerate high-energy cosmic-ray particles, potentially explaining their origins without exotic matter or modified gravity.

## Contribution

It introduces a topological classification of wormholes and demonstrates their stability and ability to accelerate cosmic rays in standard cosmological models.

## Key findings

- Stable wormholes can exist without exotic matter in open Friedmann models.
- Wormholes can act as natural accelerators for charged particles, reaching energies up to the Planck scale.
- Wormholes may generate observable synchrotron radiation in galaxies.

## Abstract

We present the simplest topological classification of wormholes and demonstrate that in open Friedmann models the genus $n\geq 1$ wormholes are stable and do not require the presence of exotic forms of matter, or any modification of general relativity. We show that such wormholes may also possess magnetic fields. It is found that when the wormhole gets into a galaxy or a surrounding region, it works as an accelerator of charged particles, or as a generator of synchrotron radiation. Estimates show that the threshold energy of such an accelerator may vary from sufficiently modest energies of the order of a few Gev, up to enormous energies of the Planckian order and even higher, depending on wormhole parameters.