# Energy Efficiency Fairness Beamforming Designs for MISO NOMA Systems

## TL;DR

This paper introduces two novel beamforming strategies for MISO NOMA systems that enhance energy efficiency fairness among users, significantly outperforming existing methods in simulation results.

## Contribution

It proposes two new fairness-based beamforming designs, MMEE and PF, specifically tailored for energy efficiency fairness in MISO NOMA systems.

## Key findings

- Proposed designs achieve multiple-fold EE improvements.
- MMEE maximizes minimum user EE.
- PF balances overall EE and fairness.

## Abstract

In this paper, we propose two beamforming designs for a multiple-input single-output non-orthogonal multiple access system considering the energy efficiency (EE) fairness between users. In particular, two quantitative fairness-based designs are developed to maintain fairness between the users in terms of achieved EE: max-min energy efficiency (MMEE) and proportional fairness (PF) designs. While the MMEE-based design aims to maximize the minimum EE of the users in the system, the PF-based design aims to seek a good balance between the global energy efficiency of the system and the EE fairness between the users. Detailed simulation results indicate that our proposed designs offer many-fold EE improvements over the existing energy-efficient beamforming designs.