# Studies on Particle Identification with dE/dx for the ILD TPC

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates particle identification using dE/dx in the ILD TPC, demonstrating a resolution better than 5% and exploring optimized readout techniques including cluster counting for enhanced performance.

## Contribution

It presents the development and testing of GEM-based readout modules and analyzes their particle ID capabilities, including innovative cluster counting methods.

## Key findings

- Achieved dE/dx resolution better than 5% in prototype tests
- Optimized pad size improves dE/dx separation
- Cluster counting can match or surpass charge measurement performance

## Abstract

For the International Large Detector (ILD) at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC) a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is foreseen as the main tracking detector. To achieve the required point resolution, Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) will be used in the amplification stage. A readout module using a stack of three Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) for gas amplification was developed at DESY. In a test campaign at the DESY II Test Beam Facility the performance of three of these modules was investigated. In this contribution results were presented on the particle identification capabilities of the system using the specific energy loss (dE/dx). The results from the prototype were used to extrapolate to the performance of the full ILD TPC, where a dE/dx resolution of better than 5 % could be achieved. In addition, simulation studies were performed to optimise the readout pad size for improved dE/dx separation power. These studies also investigated the possibility to measure the deposited energy by counting the number of ionisation clusters (cluster counting). For small enough pads this approach was found to give similar or better performance compared to the traditional method of measuring the deposited charge.