# A realizable data-driven approach to delay bypass transition with control theory

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a practical data-driven control method using reduced order models and control laws like LQG and IFFC to delay boundary layer transition, demonstrating effectiveness in nonlinear simulations with high-dimensional disturbances.

## Contribution

It presents a new data-driven approach to identify system dynamics and generate impulse responses for flow control, applicable in experimental settings.

## Key findings

- Effective delay of bypass transition in simulations
- Systematic method for high-dimensional disturbance modeling
- Comparable results to idealized cases despite constraints

## Abstract

The current work presents a realizable method to control streaky disturbances in boundary layer flows and delay transition to turbulence via active flow control. Numerical simulations of the nonlinear transitional regime in a Blasius boundary layer are performed where streaks are excited in the boundary layer via a high level of free-stream turbulence (FST). The occurring disturbances are measured via localized wall sensors and damped via near-wall actuators resembling plasma actuators. The time-varying amplitude of the signal of each actuator is computed by processing signals from the sensors. This processing is the result of two control laws: the Linear Quadratic Gaussian regulator (LQG) and the Inverse Feed-Forward Control technique (IFFC). The use of the first, LQG, requires a state-space representation of the system dynamics, so the flow is described via an operator that captures only the most relevant information of the dynamics and results in a reduced order model (ROM). The ROM is computed via the eigensystem realization algorithm, based on the impulse responses of the real system. Collecting such impulse responses may be unfeasible when considering FST because of the high dimensionality of the input forcing needed for a precise description of such a phenomenon. Here, a new method to identify the relevant system dynamics and generate the needed impulse responses is proposed, in a data-driven approach that would be realizable in experiments. Finally, the effectiveness of the technique in delaying bypass transition is shown. The work (i) presents a systematic way to deal with high dimensional disturbances to build ROMs for a control technique, and (ii) shows that even when considering constraints such as the type and size of actuators and sensors, it is possible to achieve at least as large delay of bypass transition as that obtained in more idealized cases found in literature.