# SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope

## TL;DR

SPHERE is a state-of-the-art high-contrast imager on the VLT that combines adaptive optics, coronagraphy, and multiple science instruments to study exoplanets and circumstellar environments with unprecedented resolution.

## Contribution

This paper introduces the SPHERE instrument, detailing its design, capabilities, and on-sky performance after four years of operation at the VLT.

## Key findings

- High-contrast imaging performance achieved with SPHERE.
- Successful detection of exoplanets and circumstellar features.
- Enhanced angular resolution in visible and near-infrared observations.

## Abstract

Observations of circumstellar environments to look for the direct signal of exoplanets and the scattered light from disks has significant instrumental implications. In the past 15 years, major developments in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, optical manufacturing, wavefront sensing and data processing, together with a consistent global system analysis have enabled a new generation of high-contrast imagers and spectrographs on large ground-based telescopes with much better performance. One of the most productive is the Spectro-Polarimetic High contrast imager for Exoplanets REsearch (SPHERE) designed and built for the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. SPHERE includes an extreme adaptive optics system, a highly stable common path interface, several types of coronagraphs and three science instruments. Two of them, the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) and the Infra-Red Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS), are designed to efficiently cover the near-infrared (NIR) range in a single observation for efficient young planet search. The third one, ZIMPOL, is designed for visible (VIR) polarimetric observation to look for the reflected light of exoplanets and the light scattered by debris disks. This suite of three science instruments enables to study circumstellar environments at unprecedented angular resolution both in the visible and the near-infrared. In this work, we present the complete instrument and its on-sky performance after 4 years of operations at the VLT.