Standard Model Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

TL;DR

This paper reviews the physics potential of the HL-LHC and HE-LHC upgrades, emphasizing their capabilities to test the Standard Model with higher precision and explore possible new physics at unprecedented energy and luminosity levels.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive summary of the expected physics reach and experimental improvements of the HL-LHC and potential HE-LHC upgrades.

Findings

HL-LHC will significantly enhance precision measurements of the Standard Model.

Upgraded detectors and larger data sets will improve sensitivity to new physics.

HE-LHC could extend the energy frontier to 27 TeV with substantial physics potential.

Abstract

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV $pp$ collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$.