LaTiOxNy thin film model systems for photocatalytic water splitting: physicochemical evolution of the solid-liquid interface and the role of the crystallographic orientation

TL;DR

This paper reviews oxynitride thin film fabrication and characterization, focusing on LaTiO2N, revealing how surface modifications and crystallographic orientation influence photocatalytic efficiency for water splitting.

Contribution

It demonstrates that surface orientation significantly affects photocatalytic efficiency, with epitaxial films showing up to 50% higher efficiency than polycrystalline samples.

Findings

Surface modifications impact performance during operation.

Crystallographic orientation influences photon-to-current efficiency.

Epitaxial films outperform polycrystalline samples in efficiency.

Abstract

The size of the band gap and the energy position of the band edges make several oxynitride semiconductors promising candidates for efficient hydrogen and oxygen production under solar light illumination. The intense research efforts dedicated to oxynitride materials have unveiled the majority of their most important properties. However, two crucial aspects have received much less attention. One is the critical issue of the compositional/structural surface modifications occurring during operation and how these affect the photoelectrochemical performance. The second concerns the relation between the electrochemical response and the crystallographic surface orientation of the oxynitride semiconductor. These are indeed topics of fundamental importance since it is exactly at the surface where the visible light-driven electrochemical reaction takes place. In contrast to conventional powder samples, thin films represent the best model system for these investigations. This study reviews current state-of-the-art of oxynitride thin film fabrication and characterization before focusing on LaTiO2N selected as representative photocatalyst. We report the investigation of the initial physicochemical evolution of the surface. Then we show that, after stabilization, the absorbed photon-to-current conversion efficiency of epitaxial thin films can differ by about 50% for different crystallographic surface orientations and be up to 5 times larger than for polycrystalline samples.