# Fluctuation-induced free energy of thin peptide films

## TL;DR

This study applies Lifshitz theory to calculate the fluctuation-induced free energy of thin peptide films, revealing how it affects their stability depending on water content, thickness, and substrate type, with implications for organic microdevice design.

## Contribution

It provides the first analytic and numerical analysis of fluctuation-induced free energy in peptide films, considering different substrates and water fractions, enhancing understanding of film stability at nanoscale.

## Key findings

- Free energy of freestanding peptide films is negative, indicating stability.
- Water content increases the magnitude of free energy.
- Substrate type significantly influences free energy sign and magnitude.

## Abstract

We apply the Lifshitz theory of dispersion forces to find a contribution to the free energy of peptide films which is caused by the zero-point and thermal fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. For this purpose, using available information about the imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity of peptides, the analytic representation for permittivity of typical peptide along the imaginary frequency axis is devised. Numerical computations of the fluctuation-induced free energy are performed at room temperature for the freestanding peptide films, containing different fractions of water, and for similar films deposited on dielectric (SiO$_2$) and metal (Au) substrates. It is shown that the free energy of a freestanding peptide film is negative and, thus, contributes to its stability. The magnitude of the free energy increases with increasing fraction of water and decreases with increasing thickness of a film. For peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate the free energy is nonmonotonous. It is negative for thicker than 100 nm films, reaches the maximum value at some film thickness, but vanishes and changes its sign for thinner than 100 nm films. The fluctuation-induced free energy of peptide films deposited on metallic substrate is found to be positive which makes films less stable. In all three cases, simple analytic expressions for the free energy of sufficiently thick films are found. The obtained results may be useful to attain film stability in the next generation of organic microdevices with further shrinked dimensions.