# Magnetization process of the insulating ferromagnetic semiconductor (Al,Fe)Sb

## TL;DR

This study investigates the magnetization behavior of (Al,Fe)Sb, revealing nanoscale Fe-rich domains acting as superparamagnets, with implications for understanding ferromagnetism in Fe-doped semiconductors.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of superparamagnetic behavior and nanoscale ferromagnetic domains in (Al,Fe)Sb using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.

## Key findings

- Rapid magnetization increase at low fields, saturation at high fields at room temperature
- Estimated magnetic moment of nanoscale domains as 300-400 μB
- Approximately 50% of Fe atoms participate in nano-scale ferromagnetism

## Abstract

We have studied the magnetization process of the new insulating ferromagnetic semiconductor (Al,Fe)Sb by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. For an optimally doped sample with 10% Fe, a magnetization was found to rapidly increase at low magnetic fields and to saturate at high magnetic fields at room temperature, well above the Curie temperature of 40 K. We attribute this behavior to the existence of nanoscale Fe-rich ferromagnetic domains acting as superparamagnets. By fitting the magnetization curves using the Langevin function representing superparamagnetism plus the paramagnetic linear function, we estimated the average magnetic moment of the nanoscale ferromagnetic domain to be 300-400 $\mu_{B}$, and the fraction of Fe atoms participating in the nano-scale ferromagnetism to be $\sim$50%. Such behavior was also reported for (In,Fe)As:Be and Ge:Fe, and seems to be a universal characteristic of the Fe-doped ferromagnetic semiconductors. Further Fe doping up to 14% led to the weakening of the ferromagnetism probably because antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction between nearest-neighbor Fe-Fe pairs becomes dominant.