# Iterative Clustering for Energy-Efficient Large-Scale Tracking Systems

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an energy-efficient large-scale tracking system using mobile clustering with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, optimizing cluster formation to reduce energy use and interference in crowded environments.

## Contribution

It presents a novel mobile clustering technique and an integer linear programming model for energy-efficient tracking in large crowds, with improved accuracy and reduced interference.

## Key findings

- Superior energy efficiency demonstrated in simulations
- Reduced signal interference between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
- High positioning accuracy in large-scale tracking

## Abstract

A new technique is presented to design energy-efficient large-scale tracking systems based on mobile clustering. The new technique optimizes the formation of mobile clusters to minimize energy consumption in large-scale tracking systems. This technique can be used in large public gatherings with high crowd density and continuous mobility. Utilizing both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies in smart phones, the technique tracks the movement of individuals in a large crowd within a specific area, and monitors their current locations and health conditions. The new system has several advantages, including good positioning accuracy, low energy consumption, short transmission delay, and low signal interference. Two types of interference are reduced: between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi signals, and between different Bluetooth signals. An integer linear programming model is developed to optimize the construction of clusters. In addition, a simulation model is constructed and used to test the new technique under different conditions. The proposed clustering technique shows superior performance according to several evaluation criteria.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1902.03159