# From Coulomb to the effective interaction: application to Bose condensation

## TL;DR

This paper derives an effective short-range interaction potential for Coulomb systems, highlighting its discontinuity at zero wave vector and its implications for Bose condensed systems like HeII and alkali metals.

## Contribution

It introduces a model for the effective interaction potential in Coulomb systems considering strong electronic interactions and adiabatic nuclei approximation, revealing a key discontinuity at zero wave vector.

## Key findings

- Discontinuity in the Fourier component of the effective potential at q=0.
- Existence of a gap in single-particle excitations below the Bose transition.
- Estimation of the gap value in Bose condensed systems.

## Abstract

The expression for the short-range effective interaction potential of "quasinulei"\, is derived based on the model of the "pure"\, Coulomb interaction. This model represents the equilibrium Coulomb system (CS) of interacting electrons and the identical nuclei, using the adiabatic approximation for nuclei and an arbitrary strong (in general) interaction for the electronic subsystem. On the basis of general properties of Coulomb interaction it is shown that the Fourier-component of the pair effective potential between "quasinuclei" possesses discontinuity at the wave vector $q=0$. This discontinuity is essential for the Bose condensed systems as HeII and the rarified Alkali metals at temperatures lower than the Bose condensation transition, since there are macroscopic quantity of quasiparticles with the momentum $q=0$. In particular, it is shown that for the single-particle excitations can exist the gap which disappears in the normal state. The value of this gap is estimated. The problem of generalization of the obtained results for the case of a strong electron-nuclei (or electron-point ion system) is discussed.