# In situ control of diamagnetism by electric current in Ca$_3$(Ru$_{1-x}$Ti$_x$)$_2$O$_7$

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates reversible in situ control of diamagnetism in Ca$_3$(Ru$_{1-x}$Ti$_x$)$_2$O$_7$ using DC current, enabling switching between insulating and diamagnetic states in a strongly correlated electron system.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to reversibly control diamagnetism in a SCES via DC current, revealing new electronic states under non-equilibrium conditions.

## Key findings

- Reversible switching between Mott insulator and diamagnetic semimetal-like state.
- Mapping of temperature vs current-density phase diagram.
- Observation of current-induced diamagnetism in Ca$_3$(Ru$_{1-x}$Ti$_x$)$_2$O$_7$.

## Abstract

Non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) conditions induced by DC current can alter the physical properties of strongly correlated electron systems (SCES). In this regard, it was recently shown that DC current can trigger novel electronic states, such as current-induced diamagnetism, which cannot be realized in equilibrium conditions. However, reversible control of diamagnetism has not been achieved yet. Here, we demonstrate reversible in situ control between a Mott insulating state and a diamagnetic semimetal-like state by DC current in the Ti-substituted bilayer ruthenate Ca$_3$(Ru$_{1-x}$Ti$_x$)$_2$O$_7$ ($x=0.5$%). By performing simultaneous magnetic and resistive measurements, we map out the temperature vs current-density phase diagram in the NESS of this material. The present results open up the possibility of creating novel electronic states in a variety of SCES under DC current.