# Random Lindblad Dynamics

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the mixing times of random Lindblad generators, revealing how the number of jump operators influences whether the system relaxes algebraically or exponentially, with implications for quantum dissipative dynamics.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel diagrammatic expansion and exact form factor calculations for random Lindblad generators, elucidating the spectral gap's role in mixing behavior.

## Key findings

- Single jump operator generators relax algebraically, closing the spectral gap.
- Multiple jump operators or Hamiltonian terms induce a finite spectral gap.
- Numerical results support the analytical predictions.

## Abstract

We study the mixing behavior of random Lindblad generators with no symmetries, using the dynamical map or propagator of the dissipative evolution. In particular, we determine the long-time behavior of a dissipative form factor, which is the trace of the propagator, and use this as a diagnostic for the existence or absence of a spectral gap in the distribution of eigenvalues of the Lindblad generator. We find that simple generators with a single jump operator are slowly mixing, and relax algebraically in time, due to the closing of the spectral gap in the thermodynamic limit. Introducing additional jump operators or a Hamiltonian opens up a spectral gap which remains finite in the thermodynamic limit, leading to exponential relaxation and thus rapid mixing. We use the method of moments and introduce a novel diagrammatic expansion to determine exactly the form factor to leading order in Hilbert space dimension $N$. We also present numerical support for our main results.