# On the spectra of three Steklov eigenvalue problems on warped product manifolds

## TL;DR

This paper derives optimal bounds for the spectra of various Steklov eigenvalue problems on warped product manifolds with convex boundary, extending known results and confirming a conjecture for specific dimensions.

## Contribution

It provides new spectral bounds for classical and higher-order Steklov problems on warped product manifolds, including confirmation of a conjecture for certain dimensions.

## Key findings

- Established bounds depend on the warping function's derivatives.
- Confirmed a conjecture for dimensions 2 and ≥4.
- Utilized Reilly's formula in novel ways.

## Abstract

Let $M^n=[0,R)\times \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ be an $n$-dimensional ($n\geq 2$) smooth Riemannian manifold equipped with the warped product metric $g=dr^2+h^2(r)g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}$ and diffeomorphic to a Euclidean ball. Assume that $M$ has strictly convex boundary. First, for the classical Steklov eigenvalue problem, we obtain an optimal lower (upper, respectively) bound for its spectrum in terms of $h'(R)/h(R)$ when $Ric_g\geq 0$ ($\leq 0$, respectively). Second, for two fourth-order Steklov eigenvalue problems studied by Kuttler and Sigillito in 1968, we derive a lower bound for their spectra in terms of either $h'(R)/h^3(R)$ or $h'(R)/h(R)$ when $Ric_g\geq 0$, which is optimal for certain cases; in particular, we confirm a conjecture raised by Q. Wang and C. Xia for warped product manifolds of dimension $n=2$ or $n\geq 4$. For some proofs we utilize the Reilly's formula and reveal a new feature on its use.