# On the Observed Diversity of Star Formation Efficiencies in Giant Molecular Clouds

## TL;DR

This study uses hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the wide diversity of star formation efficiencies in GMCs, attributing it mainly to the unique evolutionary paths of individual clouds rather than global properties.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that the observed scatter in star formation efficiency is due to diverse cloud evolutionary histories, not global cloud properties, using realistic simulations.

## Key findings

- Efficiencies follow a wide distribution consistent with observations.
- No strong correlation between efficiency and global cloud properties.
- Unique evolutionary paths lead to diversity in efficiencies.

## Abstract

Observations find a median star formation efficiency per free-fall time in Milky Way Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) on the order of $\epsilon_{\rm ff}\sim 1\%$ with dispersions of $\sim0.5\,{\rm dex}$. The origin of this scatter in $\epsilon_{\rm ff}$ is still debated and difficult to reproduce with analytical models. We track the formation, evolution and destruction of GMCs in a hydrodynamical simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy and by deriving cloud properties in an observationally motivated way, measure the distribution of star formation efficiencies which are in excellent agreement with observations. We find no significant link between $\epsilon_{\rm ff}$ and any measured global property of GMCs (e.g. gas mass, velocity dispersion). Instead, a wide range of efficiencies exist in the entire parameter space. From the cloud evolutionary tracks, we find that each cloud follow a \emph{unique} evolutionary path which gives rise to wide diversity in all properties. We argue that it is this diversity in cloud properties, above all else, that results in the dispersion of $\epsilon_{\rm ff}$.