# Asymptotic diagonalization of the fermionic Hamiltonian in hybrid loop quantum cosmology

## TL;DR

This paper develops a method to diagonalize the fermionic Hamiltonian in hybrid loop quantum cosmology, enabling a well-defined quantum field theory for matter in an inflationary universe with inhomogeneous perturbations.

## Contribution

It introduces a specific choice of fermionic canonical variables that simplifies the Hamiltonian, leading to asymptotic diagonalization and well-behaved quantum dynamics in hybrid loop quantum cosmology.

## Key findings

- Achieves asymptotic diagonalization of the fermionic Hamiltonian.
- Derives a Schrödinger equation for fermions with geometric expectation values.
- Ensures no divergences in the normal-ordered Hamiltonian.

## Abstract

We use the freedom available in hybrid loop quantum cosmology to split the degrees of freedom between the geometry and the matter fields so as to build a quantum field theory for the matter content with good quantum properties. We investigate this issue in an inflationary, flat cosmology with inhomogeneous perturbations, and focus the discussion on a Dirac field, minimally coupled to the cosmological background and treated as a perturbation. After truncating the action at the lowest nontrivial order in perturbations, one must define canonical variables for the matter content, for which one generally employs canonical transformations that mix the homogeneous background and the perturbations. Each of these possible definitions comes associated with a different matter contribution to the Hamiltonian of the complete system, that may, in general, contain terms that are quadratic in creationlike variables, and in annihilationlike variables, with the subsequent production and destruction of pairs of fermionic particles and antiparticles. We determine a choice of the fermionic canonical variables for which the interaction part of the Hamiltonian can be made as negligible as desired in the asymptotic regime of large particle/antiparticle wave numbers. Finally, we study the quantum dynamics for this choice, imposing the total Hamiltonian constraint on the quantum states and assuming that their gravitational part is not affected significantly by the presence of fermions. In this way, we obtain a Schr\"odinger equation for the fermionic degrees of freedom in terms of quantum expectation values of the geometry that leads to asymptotically diagonal Heisenberg relations and Bogoliubov evolution transformations, with no divergences in the associated normal-ordered Hamiltonian.