# An Asymptotic Preserving Time Integrator for Low Mach Number Limits of the Euler Equations with Gravity

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an asymptotic preserving time integrator for Euler equations under gravity, effectively capturing low Mach number limits like incompressible and Boussinesq regimes with stability and validated numerical results.

## Contribution

It develops a semi-implicit AP scheme that handles stiff and non-stiff terms, ensuring consistency with low Mach limit systems and stability in gravitational flows.

## Key findings

- Scheme is consistent with incompressible and Boussinesq limits.
- Linear stability analysis confirms $L^2$-stability.
- Numerical experiments validate theoretical predictions.

## Abstract

We consider two distinguished asymptotic limits of the Euler equations in a gravitational field, namely the incompressible and Boussinesq limits. Both these limits can be obtained as singular limits of the Euler equations under appropriate scaling of the Mach and Froude numbers. We propose and analyse an asymptotic preserving (AP) time discretisation for the numerical approximation of the Euler system in these asymptotic regimes. A key step in the construction of the AP scheme is a semi-implicit discretisation of the fluxes and the source term. The non-stiff convective terms are treated explicitly whereas the stiff pressure-gradient and source term are implicit. The implicit terms are combined to get a nonlinear elliptic equation. We show that the overall scheme is consistent with the respective limit system when the Mach number goes to zero. A linearised stability analysis confirms the $L^2$-stability of the proposed scheme. The results of numerical experiments validate the theoretical findings.