# Central exclusive diffractive production of $K^{+} K^{-} K^{+} K^{-}$ via the intermediate $\phi \phi$ state in proton-proton collisions

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the exclusive production of four-kaon systems via intermediate phi mesons in proton-proton collisions, exploring mechanisms involving tensor glueball candidates and odderon exchange, with predictions for LHC experiments.

## Contribution

It introduces a tensor-pomeron and vector-odderon model to analyze the $pp o pp K^{+} K^{-} K^{+} K^{-}$ process, including new predictions and potential identification of odderon effects.

## Key findings

- Cross sections of a few nanobarns predicted for LHC energies.
- Distributions in invariant mass and rapidity differences analyzed.
- Potential to distinguish odderon exchange at large rapidity gaps.

## Abstract

We present a study of the exclusive $pp \to pp K^{+} K^{-} K^{+} K^{-}$ reaction at high energies. We consider diffractive mechanisms with the intermediate $\phi \phi$ state with its decay into the $K^{+} K^{-} K^{+} K^{-}$ system. We include the $\phi(1020)$ $\hat{t}/\hat{u}$-channel exchanges and the $f_{2}(2340)$ $s$-channel exchange mechanism. This $f_{2}$ state is a candidate for a tensor glueball. We discuss the possibility to use the $pp \to pp \phi \phi$ process in identifying the odderon exchange. An upper limit for the $\mathbb{P} \mathbb{O} \phi$ coupling is extracted from the WA102 experimental data. The amplitudes for the processes are formulated within the tensor-pomeron and vector-odderon approach. We adjust parameters of our model to the WA102 data and present several predictions for the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb experiments. Integrated cross sections of order of a few nb are obtained including the experimental cuts relevant for the LHC experiments. The distributions in the four-kaon invariant mass, rapidity distance between the two $\phi$ mesons, special ``glueball filter variable'', proton-proton relative azimuthal angle are presented. The distribution in rapidity difference of both $\phi$-mesons could shed light on the $f_{2}(2340) \to \phi \phi$ coupling, not known at present. We discuss the possible role of the $f_{0}(2100)$, $\eta(2225)$, and $X(2500)$ resonances observed in the $\phi \phi$ channel in radiative decays of $J/\psi$. Using typical kinematic cuts for LHC experiments we find from our model that the odderon-exchange contribution should be distinguishable from other contributions for large rapidity distance between the $\phi$ mesons and in the region of large four-kaon invariant masses. At least, it should be possible to derive an upper limit on the odderon contribution in this reaction.