# Angular momentum Josephson effect between two isolated condensates

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel angular momentum Josephson effect in spin-orbit coupled Bose gases, showing controllable oscillations and self-trapping regimes, with potential applications in matter wave interferometry.

## Contribution

It introduces a new Josephson effect between isolated condensates using spin-orbit coupling and quenched Zeeman fields, with tunable oscillation periods and suppressed damping.

## Key findings

- Realization of Josephson oscillations with periods from milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds.
- Observation of a driven Josephson oscillation with population imbalance similar to dc Josephson current.
- Identification of a self-trapping regime when condensate dynamics cannot follow modulation frequency.

## Abstract

We demonstrate that the two degenerate energy levels in spin-orbit coupled trapped Bose gases, coupled by a quenched Zeeman field, can be used for angular momentum Josephson effect. In a static quenched field, we can realize a Josephson oscillation with period ranging from millisecond to hundreds of milliseconds. Moreover, by a driven Zeeman field, we realize a new Josephson oscillation, in which the population imbalance may have the same expression as the current in the directed current (dc) Josephson effect. When the dynamics of condensate can not follow up the modulation frequency, it the self-trapping regime. This new dynamics is understood from the time dependent evolution of the constant-energy trajectory in phase space. This model has several salient advantages as compared with the previous ones. The condensates are isolated from their excitations by a finite gap, thus can greatly suppress the damping effect induced by thermal atoms and Bogoliubov excitations. The oscillation period can be tuned by several order of magnitudes without influencing other parameters. In experiments, the dynamics can be mapped out from spin and momentum spaces, thus is not limited by the spatial resolution in imaging. This system can serve as a promising platform for exploring of matter wave interferometry.