# Condensates in annuli: Dimensionality of the variance

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in annular traps, revealing that mean-field and many-body variances exhibit different effective dimensionalities, enriching the understanding of bosonic behavior in ring-shaped potentials.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that mean-field and many-body position variances in annular Bose-Einstein condensates have different effective dimensionalities, providing new insights into their physical behavior.

## Key findings

- Mean-field variance behaves as a quasi-one-dimensional quantity.
- Many-body variance exhibits two-dimensional characteristics.
- Analysis enhances understanding of bosons in ring-shaped traps.

## Abstract

Static and dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in annular traps are investigated by solving the many-boson Schr\"odinger equation numerically accurately using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons method. We concentrate on weakly-interacting bosons exhibiting low depletion. Analysis of the mean-field position variance, which accounts for the shape of the density only, and the many-body position variance, which incorporates a tiny amount of excitations through the reduced two-particle density matrix, shows that the former behaves essentially as a quasi-one-dimensional quantity whereas the latter as a two-dimensional quantity. This brings another dimension to the physics of bosons in ring-shaped traps.